LAB IN THE BOX🦠🔬🧪

CRISPR-Cas9 is a genome editing tool that is creating a buzz in the science world. It is faster, cheaper and more accurate than previous techniques of editing DNA and has a wide range of potential applications. It is currently the simplest, most versatile and precise method of genetic manipulation and is therefore causing a buzz in the science world. The CRISPR-Cas9 system consists of two key molecules that introduce a change (mutation) into the DNA. These are: an enzyme called Cas9. This acts as a pair of ‘molecular scissors’ that can cut the two strands of DNA at a specific location in the genome so that bits of DNA can then be added or removed. a piece of RNA called guide RNA (gRNA). This consists of a small piece of pre-designed RNA sequence (about 20 bases long) located within a longer RNA scaffold. The scaffold part binds to DNA and the pre-designed sequence ‘guides’ Cas9 to the right part of the genome. This makes sure that the Cas9 enzyme cuts at the right point in

WATER TURNOVER AND BALANCE The body possesses tremendous capacity to regulate its water content. In a healthy individual, this is achieved by balancing the daily water intake and water output. Water intake Water is supplied to the body by exogenous and endogenous sources. Exogenous water : Ingested water and beverages, water content of solid foods constitute the exogenous source of water. Water intake is highly variable which may range from 0.5-5 litres. It largely depends on the social habits and climate. In general, people living in hot climate drink more water. Ingestion of water is mainly controlled by a thirst centre located in the hypothalamus. Increase in the osmolality of plasma causes increased water intake by stimulating thirst centre. Endogenous water: The metabolic water produced within the body is the endogenous water. This water (300-350 ml/day) is derived from the oxidation of foodstuffs. It is estimated that 1 each of carbohydrate, protein and fat, respectiv

Microbiology is the branch of biology that studies microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and algae. It involves the study of their structure, growth, development, metabolism, genetics, and interactions with other organisms and the environment. Microorganisms are ubiquitous and have a significant impact on human health, agriculture, industry, and the environment. Microbiologists use various techniques and tools, such as microscopy, culturing, molecular biology, and bioinformatics, to study microorganisms and their functions. Some areas of microbiology research include: - Medical microbiology: the study of microorganisms that cause infectious diseases in humans and the development of treatments and vaccines to fight them. - Environmental microbiology: the study of microorganisms in their natural habitats, such as soil, water, and air, and their interactions with other organisms and the environment. - Industrial microbiology: the use of microorganisms f

Why Humans are important on Earth ? Humans are important because except human being all other creatures play supportive role to this mother nature. Human can display more supportive role than any other creatures provided they understand and follow their intrinsic instinct which is divine in nature. Alas if it had happened, this world would've been paradise. Unfortunately human being due to their insatiable greed and selfishness are hell bent on destroying the climate and surrounding. They kill other animals and destroy the flora and fauna indiscriminately. Human being is most exquisite creature created by exquisite workmanship of the God. Like other creatures, human also has been created to support the nature and if human become spiritual, everything will be in perfect balance. Earth does not in anyway, shape, or form require humans or any other type of animal to “survive” at all. Over 99% of Earth’s history was without humans, there’s absolutely no reason to think why

Why Biochemistry is important to Biotechnology? Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes taking place within living organisms, biotechnology is the ultimate product of these discoveries, allowing the identified biochemical processes to be exploited for technological purposes, or better observed and analyzed in situ using biotechnical means. Imagine you discover a micro-organism which have the ability to decay polyvinyl chloride (PVC). You reckon that this organism would be extremely helpful in Bioremediation. Now, you isolate a colony of micro-organism and study every aspect of the organism,their activities, structures, behaviour and how they affect every aspect of our lives; which is known as Microbiology. A branch of science that deals with the study of microorganisms. Similarly, you do a much more deeper research, invest some time into the micro-organism and study the biochemical processes. After some years that Eureka moment arrives & you discover the pathway