Why is there no vaccines for HIV - yet.....

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BECAUSE IT IS SHAPE-SHIFTING
Most vaccines induce our body to make antibodies to fight different pathogens, but HIV disguises itself so that even if we make antibodies, the virus changes to escape them. Early vaccine candidates targeted the envelope protein that encapsulates the virus genome. When we found that antibodies against the envelope protein didn't work, then we thought, maybe we could target different parts of the virus that induce T cells, which kill infected cells. However because the virus integrates itself into the host genome, the T cells didn't recognize the viruses as separate from hosts. 
LIMITATIONS OF CURRENT TECHNOLOGY
Because the virus itself integrates into host DNA, it limits the vaccine platforms we can use. We traditionally have used live attenuated vaccines for different viral diseases like measles, mumps, and rubella, but we can't use that for HIV because of the concern that live attenuated virus could integrate into the [host cells’] DNA and elicit disease. There are also many different subgroups, or clades, of HIV. If you make a vaccine against clade A, it may not work against clade B or clade C. One of the problems with mRNA vaccine technology [used for the COVID-19 vaccines] is that there's a limit to how much mRNA you can have in a vaccine. For COVID, the vaccine included mRNA for making one viral protein, the spike protein. We don't know how many proteins we can express with this mRNA technology in a single vaccine, and that may be limiting for HIV vaccines. 
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY TREATMENT
The Vaccine Research Center (VRC) at NIH has come up with a passive immunization strategy—monoclonal antibodies. Passive immunity happens when a person is given antibodies to a disease rather than producing them through their own immune system. Scientists at the VRC found that some people who had been infected with HIV for a very long time had highly potent, broadly neutralizing antibodies that recognize a lot of different HIV strains and clades. They have isolated those broadly neutralizing antibodies, sequenced them, made them synthetically, and given them in experimental trials to see if they can prevent infection. That has been very promising. The problem is that you must keep giving people the monoclonal antibody [to maintain immunity]. Even if you have one that is very durable, that lasts, for instance, six months, that still means you have to give that [antibody] every six months or so. Right now, they're trying to focus on making a vaccine that will induce the body to produce these highly neutralizing, broadly active antibodies. We just haven't found the right sequence to put into the vaccine. 

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