INFLUENZA

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Influenza
Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It primarily affects the nose, throat, and lungs.



Types of Influenza Viruses:

  1. Influenza A:

    • Can infect humans, birds, and animals.
    • Responsible for pandemics.
    • Subtypes include H1N1, H3N2.

  2. Influenza B:

    • Primarily affects humans.
    • Causes seasonal outbreaks but not pandemics.

  3. Influenza C:

    • Milder infections.
    • Does not cause epidemics.

  4. Influenza D:

    • Primarily affects cattle.

Transmission:

  • Direct contact: Touching infected people or surfaces.
  • Airborne: Inhaling respiratory droplets from coughs or sneezes.
  • Contact with contaminated surfaces.

Symptoms:

  • Fever
  • Cough
  • Sore throat
  • Runny or stuffy nose
  • Muscle aches
  • Fatigue
  • Headache
  • Vomiting and diarrhea (especially in children)

Complications:

  • Pneumonia
  • Bronchitis
  • Sinus and ear infections
  • Worsening of chronic health conditions

Diagnosis:

  • Physical examination
  • Rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs)
  • PCR tests for more accurate results

Treatment:

  1. Home remedies:

    • Rest
    • Hydration
    • Warm fluids
    • Over-the-counter medications for symptom relief

  2. Antiviral drugs:

    • Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
    • Zanamivir (Relenza)
    • Baloxavir (Xofluza)

Prevention:

  1. Vaccination:

    • Annual flu shots recommended for most individuals.

  2. Hygiene practices:

    • Frequent handwashing
    • Covering mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing
    • Avoiding close contact with sick individuals

  3. Healthy habits:

    • Adequate sleep
    • Balanced diet
    • Regular exercise

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