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Hi Folks!! Follow our blog on Instagram  LAB IN THE BOX ADVANCING VITICULTURE USING CRISPR GENOME IN  GRAPEVINES Viticulture is the scientific study of grapes, including their growth and production. It also refers to the practice of cultivating grapevines for a specific purpose, such as wine production or fresh table grapes CRISPR-Cas9 is a gene-editing technology that allows researchers to correct errors in the genome and turn genes on or off. It's considered the simplest, most versatile, and precise method of genetic manipulation.  CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing consists of two elements:  Guide RNA: Locates the target DNA to be edited Cas-9: A protein that cuts the DNA at the location identified by guide RNA The GFP gene can be inserted downstream of the promoter of a gene in another organism. If the GFP gene is inserted correctly, it can be expressed in organisms other than jellyfish. Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) holds significant economic and cultural value, driv...

Hi Folks!! Follow our blog on Instagram  LAB IN THE BOX Pharmacogenomics, also known as pharmacogenetics, is  the study of how a person's genes affect their response to drugs. The  term comes from the words pharmacology and genomics and is thus the intersection of pharmaceuticals and genetics. Pharmacogenomics holds the promise that drugs might one day be tailor-made for individuals and adapted to each person's own genetic makeup. How a person responds to a drug (including positive and negative reactions) is a complex trait influenced by many different genes.  Pharmacogenomics combines traditional pharmaceutical sciences such as biochemistry with annotated knowledge of genes, proteins, and single nucleotide polymorphisms. The most common variations in the human genome are called single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). There are estimated to be approximately 11 million SNPs in the human population, with an average of one every 1,300 base pairs. HISTORY: The first reco...

Hi Folks!! Follow our blog on Instagram  LAB IN THE BOX Hunter syndrome is an X-linked recessive disorder in which your child’s body doesn’t properly digest certain sugar molecules like glycosaminoglycans. When these molecules build up in organs and tissues over time, they can cause damage that affects physical and mental development. Hunter syndrome is one of a group of diseases called mucopolysaccharidoses. Another name for Hunter syndrome is mucopolysaccharidosis type II or MPS II. It is a very rare disorder diagnosed in roughly 1 out of every 100,000 to 170,000 children. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS The symptoms of Hunter syndrome (MPS II) are generally not apparent at birth. The first symptoms may often include  abdominal hernias ,  ear infections , runny noses, and  colds . As the buildup of GAGs continues throughout the body's cells, signs of MPS II become more visible. The physical appearance of many children with the syndrome includes a distinctive...

Hi Folks!! Follow our blog on Instagram  LAB IN THE BOX Hemophilia A is a genetic disorder caused by a deficiency of clotting factor VIII. It is the most common type of hemophilia, representing about 80% to 85% of all cases. Clotting factor VIII is crucial for the blood to form clots and prevent excessive bleeding.  Key points about Hemophilia A: 1. Genetic Inheritance: Hemophilia A is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern primarily affecting males. Females can be carriers, but they typically do not show symptoms. 2. Symptoms: Individuals with hemophilia A may experience prolonged bleeding after injuries, easy bruising, and spontaneous bleeding. Joint bleeding is common and can lead to chronic joint disease if not properly managed. 3. Treatment: The mainstay of treatment for hemophilia A involves replacing the missing factor VIII through intravenous infusions. This can help control bleeding and prevent complications. 4. Factor VIII Replacement Therapy: Recombinant factor ...