ALGAE BASIC INFORMATION SERIES - PART 2:- LIFE CYCLE OF ALGAE

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ALGAE


There are 5 types of Life cycle
1. Haplontic Life Cycle
2.Diplontic Life cycle
3.Diplohaplontic Life Cycle
4.Haplobiontic Life Cycle
5.Diplobiontic Life Cycle

1. HAPLONTIC LIFE CYCLE

 In this type of life cycle the main plant body is gametophytic (haploid) that produces mitospore during growing season that develops into gametophytic plant. Towards the end of the growing season gametophyte produces gametes (haploid). Zygote/zygospore (diploid) is formed after gametic fusion, which is the only diploid phase in the life cycle. Soon after their formation zygospores/zygote divides by meiosis to form meiospores that germinates into gametophytic thallus. Such a life cycle is called haplontic life cycle and the most primitive one in which zygotic meiosis takes place and there is no formation of sporophytic thallus (diploid).

2.DIPLONTIC LIFE CYCLE

The dominant plant thallus is diploid. The thallus
reproduces sexually by gametes that are formed by meiosis in sex organs. These
gametes represent the haploid phase in the life cycle. These gametes fuse to form
zygote/zygospore that ultimately forms the diploid plant body. No true alternation
of generation as in the first case (haplontic) occurs.

 

3.HAPLODIPLONTIC LIFE CYCLE


In this type of life cycle two different generations alternate each other.
True alternation of generation occurs. This type of life cycle that consists of two
different vegetative individuals alternating with each other is called diplohaplontic.
There are two types of diplohaplontic life cycles- isomorphic and heteromorphic.
(i) Isomorphic- In isomorphic diplohaplontic life cycle, alternating sporophyte and
gametophyte are morphologically similar. Zygote produces sporophytic thallus that
produces meiospores in sporangium by reduction division. Meiospores germinate
to form a gametophytic thallus that forms gamtes in sex organs. Syngamy between
gametes yields zygote that produces diploid thallus. 

ii) Heteromorphic- In heteromorphic diplohaplontic life cycle, alternating
generations are morphologically dissimilar. Sporophyte has elaborate development
as compared to the gametophyte. 


4.HAPLOBIONTIC LIFE CYCLE- 

This is either diphasic or triphasic life cycle. In
Nemalion a red alga exhibits two haploid phases and a diploid zygote. Hence, this
type of haplobiontic is diphasic as it consists of two haploid thallus. It is also be
called as haplo-haplontic. In Nemalion dominant phase is a gametophyte that
produces gametes. Zygote is formed after gametic union that develops into
carposporophyte after meiosis. Carposporophyte produces carpospores that
ultimately germinate into main gametophytic plant body.

5.DIPLOBIONTIC LIFE CYCLE

It is also a triphasic life cycle also called as
diplodiplohaplontic life cycle. This life cycle consists three phases of which two
phases are diploid and one is haploid. The main plant body is gametophyte that
produces gametes. Zygote is formed by syngamy. In this life cycle, zygote
differentiates into diploid carposporophyte. Diploid carposporangia develops in
carposporophyte and diploid carpospores are produced within carposporangia. On
liberation, carpospores develops into diploid tetrasporophyte. Tetraspores are
produced after meiosis inside tetrasporangia. tetraspores eventually develops into
main gametophytic plant thallus. 

UPCOMING:- ALGAE BASIC INFORMATION SERIES PART 3 
HABITATS OF ALGAE BRIEF 

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