LAB IN THE BOX🦠🔬🧪

Hi Folks!! Follow our blog on  Instagram INTRODUCTION Morphine  is a strong opiate that is found naturally in opium, a dark brown resin produced by drying the latex of opium poppies ( Papaver somniferum ). It is mainly used as an analgesic (pain medication). There are numerous methods used to administer morphine: oral, sublingual via inhalation, injection into a muscle, injection under the skin, or injection into the spinal cord area transdermal or via rectal suppository. It acts directly on the central nervous system (CNS) to induce analgesia and alter perception and emotional response to pain. HISTORY                                                                                     ...

Hi Folks!! Follow our blog on  Instagram Researchers have created the world's largest ancient human gene bank by analyzing the bones and teeth of almost 5,000 humans who lived across Western Europe and Asia up to 34,000 years ago.                    By sequencing ancient human DNA and comparing it to modern-day samples, the international team of experts mapped the historical spread of genes – and diseases – over time as populations migrated. Northern Europe has the highest prevalence of multiple sclerosis ( Multiple sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the insulation surrounding the nerve fibers of the brain and spinal cord. This causes symptom flares, known as relapses, as well as longer-term degeneration, known as progression) in the world. A new study has found the genes that significantly increase a person's risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS) were introduced into ...

Hi Folks!! Follow our blog on Instagram  LAB IN THE BOX THYMUS REMOVAL RISKS Removing the thymus in adults raises their risk of developing or dying of cancer in comparison with the risk for adults who do not undergo thymus removal according to a study published in  The New England Journal of Medicine  by researchers from Harvard University in Boston, Massachusetts.  The study also shows that thymectomy in adults who have not had a prior infection, cancer diagnosis, or autoimmune disease diagnosis may also place them at higher risk of developing an autoimmune disease. 1420 patients who had undergone thymectomy and 6021 controls were included in the study; 1146 of the patients who had undergone thymectomy had a matched control and were included in the primary cohort. At 5 years after surgery, all-cause mortality was higher in the thymectomy group than in the control group (8.1% vs. 2.8%; relative risk, 2.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7 to 4.8), as was the risk of ...

Hi Folks!! Follow our blog on Instagram  LAB IN THE BOX XPOSAT - STUDY ABOUT BLACKHOLE (A GIST) Last year was a huge success with Chandrayaan-3. Our ISRO Scientist did a lot of unexpected acts and surprised us all. On January 1st, when this year started, India has proved to be a leading country in the world, not only on land, but also in the sky.  There are a lot of things in our universe that we don't understand. One thing that we don't understand is black holes. These black holes exist in a lot of places in space. From the fact that we are in a black hole, to the fact that all the earth and sun will disappear one day in a black hole, this is something that we don't understand. From the biggest scientist to the modern technology scientist, everyone is looking at this black hole as a mystery. To study this, India has launched a special Mission on January 1st named XPoSat( X-ray Polarimeter Satellite). On January 1st, India launched 10 different satellites throug...

Hi Folks!! Follow our blog on Instagram LAB IN THE BOX The year 2023 has ended and we would like to look back at all the content we rendered. 1. Warmer climate may Drive Fungi to be more dangerous to our Health!! 2. Why is the Earth so favourable for life? 3. What Kinds of Organisms Live in Aquatic Life Zones? 4. Natural selection 5. Effects of Human Activities on the Earth's Biodiversity 6. Evolution and adaptation 7. History of Biotechnology 8. Why Biochemistry is important to Biotechnology? 9. Why Humans are important on Earth? 10. THE MICROBIOLOGY ⚗️ 11. Water turnover and balance 12. Will CRISPR-Cas9 rule the world? 13. ABOUT COUNSELLING 14. TOP STRONGEST ACIDS EVER -PART 1 15. Top strongest acids ever - Part 2 16. Phenylketonuria 17. Environmental day 18. DNS METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF REDUCING SUGARS 19. Are humans dangerous creatures on Earth? 20. HOW TO MAKE MONEY WORK FOR THEM? 21. TYPES OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 22. ALGAE BASIC INFORMATION SERIES:- PART 1-INTRODUCTION TO ALGAE 23. ...

Hi Folks!! Follow our blog on Instagram  LAB IN THE BOX ADVANCING VITICULTURE USING CRISPR GENOME IN  GRAPEVINES Viticulture is the scientific study of grapes, including their growth and production. It also refers to the practice of cultivating grapevines for a specific purpose, such as wine production or fresh table grapes CRISPR-Cas9 is a gene-editing technology that allows researchers to correct errors in the genome and turn genes on or off. It's considered the simplest, most versatile, and precise method of genetic manipulation.  CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing consists of two elements:  Guide RNA: Locates the target DNA to be edited Cas-9: A protein that cuts the DNA at the location identified by guide RNA The GFP gene can be inserted downstream of the promoter of a gene in another organism. If the GFP gene is inserted correctly, it can be expressed in organisms other than jellyfish. Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) holds significant economic and cultural value, driv...

Hi Folks!! Follow our blog on Instagram  LAB IN THE BOX Pharmacogenomics, also known as pharmacogenetics, is  the study of how a person's genes affect their response to drugs. The  term comes from the words pharmacology and genomics and is thus the intersection of pharmaceuticals and genetics. Pharmacogenomics holds the promise that drugs might one day be tailor-made for individuals and adapted to each person's own genetic makeup. How a person responds to a drug (including positive and negative reactions) is a complex trait influenced by many different genes.  Pharmacogenomics combines traditional pharmaceutical sciences such as biochemistry with annotated knowledge of genes, proteins, and single nucleotide polymorphisms. The most common variations in the human genome are called single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). There are estimated to be approximately 11 million SNPs in the human population, with an average of one every 1,300 base pairs. HISTORY: The first reco...

Hi Folks!! Follow our blog on Instagram  LAB IN THE BOX Hunter syndrome is an X-linked recessive disorder in which your child’s body doesn’t properly digest certain sugar molecules like glycosaminoglycans. When these molecules build up in organs and tissues over time, they can cause damage that affects physical and mental development. Hunter syndrome is one of a group of diseases called mucopolysaccharidoses. Another name for Hunter syndrome is mucopolysaccharidosis type II or MPS II. It is a very rare disorder diagnosed in roughly 1 out of every 100,000 to 170,000 children. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS The symptoms of Hunter syndrome (MPS II) are generally not apparent at birth. The first symptoms may often include  abdominal hernias ,  ear infections , runny noses, and  colds . As the buildup of GAGs continues throughout the body's cells, signs of MPS II become more visible. The physical appearance of many children with the syndrome includes a distinctive...

Hi Folks!! Follow our blog on Instagram  LAB IN THE BOX Hemophilia A is a genetic disorder caused by a deficiency of clotting factor VIII. It is the most common type of hemophilia, representing about 80% to 85% of all cases. Clotting factor VIII is crucial for the blood to form clots and prevent excessive bleeding.  Key points about Hemophilia A: 1. Genetic Inheritance: Hemophilia A is inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern primarily affecting males. Females can be carriers, but they typically do not show symptoms. 2. Symptoms: Individuals with hemophilia A may experience prolonged bleeding after injuries, easy bruising, and spontaneous bleeding. Joint bleeding is common and can lead to chronic joint disease if not properly managed. 3. Treatment: The mainstay of treatment for hemophilia A involves replacing the missing factor VIII through intravenous infusions. This can help control bleeding and prevent complications. 4. Factor VIII Replacement Therapy: Recombinant factor ...

Hi Folks!! Follow our blog on Instagram  LAB IN THE BOX Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is a condition that occurs almost exclusively in males. It is characterized by neurological and behavioural abnormalities and the overproduction of uric acid.   Uric acid accumulation can also cause kidney and bladder stones.  The prevalence of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is approximately 1 in 380,000 individuals . This condition occurs with a similar frequency in all populations. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS   The symptoms of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome may become apparent as early as six months of age. Earlier urate crystal formation , resulting from abnormally increased uric acid levels in the urine, leads to the presence of orange-coloured deposits in the diapers of infants with this disorder. This may be the first manifestation of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, but it is seldom recognized in early infancy. In older children with this disorder, deposits of sodium urate in cartilaginous tissues in joints and the ears; ...